Scientific name of apple is Malus domestica
Apple belongs to family Rosaceae order of Apple is Rosales
Introduction of Apple
The chromosome number of Apple is 17.
Captain Lee in 1865 introduced apple in Himachal Pradesh in Kullu valley.
Satyanand stokes in 1917 introduce delicious group of Apple in Kotgarh, Shimla of Himachal Pradesh.
Apple area and production
Apple is grown in Jammu and Kashmir Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh too.
Jammu and Kashmir produces 138.1 0 hectare and production of 1373 metric tons of Apple Himachal Pradesh have area of 99.6 under apple and production is of 280.10 metric tons Uttarakhand have 32.4 hectares area of apples and the production is 114. Arunachal Pradesh has area of 12.8 and production is of 10 metric tonnes. This data is taken from National Horticulture board database 2009 to 2010.
Climate and soil for apple
As we know that Apple is the temperate fruit so its grown across the cold region of the world.
From 21 to 24 degree celsius the average temperature should be in summer.
From 18 degree Celsius to 22 degree Celsius the optimum temperature for pollination fruit setting and for pollen germination.
From 6 to 6.5 pH should be considered for better results.
Soil is fertile Deep and free from different types of waterlogged and hard substates.
VARIETIES OF APPLE
FIRST WE WILL START FROM EARLY SEASON VARIETIES.
In Jammu and Kashmir varieties of Apple like Irish Peach and Benoni is found.
Ine Himachal Pradesh varieties like Tydeman, delicious, colomit, Anna are found.
Uttrakhand early season varieties are chaubatia princess.
Mid season varieties of Apple are
In Jammu and Kashmir American mother Orange pepin queens Apple ROM beauty and scarlet cyberian are found.
Himachal Pradesh rich a red when's delicious Red chief silver Spark scarlet Gala are found.
In Uttarakhand mid season right is like red delicious Scotland golden and delicious are found.
Now we will study about late season varieties of Apple
In Jammu and Kashmir King Lal ambari golden delicious are found.
In Himachal Pradesh yellow Newton red foji koi Fauji are found.
Ine Uttrakhand rymer Buckingham are found.
Now we will study about some polinizing varieties
Golden delicious tide man early summer Queen golden Spark winter banana scarlet Gala etc are found.
Now let's discuss some low chilling varieties call Amit tropical beauty parlour in beauty.
Hybrid varieties of Apple
Lal amri is cross between red delicious and ambri
Ambroid is cross between red delicious and ambri.
Now we will study about propagation.
By propagation of root stocks
Seedling rootstocks
As the seeds of Apple behave behave as dormant . So stratification treatment is required to break the dormancy that is moist chilling 6270 days are required for seeds stratification from December to February month.
Now the stratified seed are sent to the nursery bad and soon in March at spacing from a to 10 cm that is from seed into seed and from 15 to 20 CM that is of line to line spacing.
Insecticides and funny sides are required at regular intervals of time.
b) colonal rootstocks
TRAINING AND PRUNING
Training is very important method for cultivation of Apple. It built good shape and strong framework of trees. There are many system of training
1. Modified central leader system
Well spaced buds required for apple training.
2. 3 - 4 spacing primary branch
Manure and fertilizers of Apples ratio of 70:35:70 g per year of NPK is put in the soil.
Foliar application of nutrients
ZnSO4 (0.5%) and boric acid (0.01) is put in the field.
Very nice
ReplyDelete